ortanca yaş ne demek?

Ortanca yaş (medyan yaş), bir nüfus grubunun yaşları, küçükten büyüğe doğru sıralandığında tam ortada kalan bireyin yaşıdır¹. Bu durumda toplam nüfusun yarısı bu yaştan büyük, öbür yarısı küçüktür.

Ortanca yaş demografik (nüfussal) yaşlılığı gösterme yöntemlerinden biridir. Ortanca yaşın üst kısımda yaşlı nüfus, alt kısımda genç nüfus bulunur ve sayıları eşittir. Biyolojik yaşlanmadan ayrı olan demografik yaşlılık bir toplumda yaşlıların oranının artmasını ifade eder². Bunun belirli iki sebebi vardır: doğumların azalması, ölümlerin azalması. Ölümlerin azalması refah toplumlarında, sağlık sisteminin gelişmesiyle ortalama hayatın uzamasını ifade eder. Doğumların azalmasıyla topluma genç nüfus katılımı azalır, ölümlerin azalması ile toplumdaki yaşlıların sayısı ve oranı artar.

Genel olarak gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ortanca yaş düşük, gelişmiş ülkelerde yüksektir. Şu anda, ortanca yaş çeşitli Avrupa ülkeleri, Kanada ve Japonya'da 40 veya daha fazla, Uganda'da yaklaşık 15 gibi düşük bir rakam arasında değişmektedir.

• 2010 verilerine göre³; tüm dünya nüfusunun ortanca yaşı tahminen 29.2'dir.Yaşlı nüfusa sahip olup, ortanca yaşları yüksek olan ülkeler şunlardır; 44.7 Japonya, 44.3 Almanya, 43.2 İtalya. Ortanca yaşları düşük ülkeler ise şunlardır: 16.6 Afganistan, 16.3 Mali, 15.5 Nijer. Türkiye 28.9 ortanca yaşı ile 186 devlet arasında 80. basamakta yer almaktadır.
• 2050 tahminlerine göre ise: Dünyanın ortanca yaşı yükselecek: 38 yaş. Türkiye 40.2 yaş ile 186 devlet içinde 89. sırada olacak. Ortanca yaşı en yüksek ülkeler sırasıyla; 53.2 Bosna-Hersek, 52.3 Japonya, 52.1 Portekiz. En düşük ülkeler ise; 19.6 Mali ve Nijer, 17.9 Zambiya⁴.
• 2006 yılında kıtalara göre ortanca yaş şu şekilde belirlenmiştir⁵: Avrupa:38.9, Kuzey Amerika:36.3, Okyanusya:32.3, Asya:27.6, Güney Amerika:26, Afrika :19.
• 2013 yılında dünya nüfusunun ortanca yaşı 29.4 iken Türkiye'nin ortanca yaşı 30.4'tür. 2013'te en yüksek ortanca yaşa sahip ülkeler sırasıyla:50.5 Monako, 48.5 Japonya, 45.7 Almanya'dır⁶.
• 2013 yılında Türkiye'de ortanca yaşı en yüksek iller: Sinop: 38.2, Balıkesir: 37.7, Edirne:37.6. En düşük ortanca yaşa sahip iller: Şırnak: 18.7, Şanlıurfa: 19, Ağrı: 19.7⁷.

Türkiye'nin 1935'ten 2014 yılları arasında Ortanca yaş tablosu⁸:

Türkiye	1935	1940	1945	1950	1955	1960	1965	1970	1975	1980	1985	1990	2000	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2016
Ortalama	21,2	19,6	20,0	20,1	20,4	20,3	19,3	19,0	19,5	19,9	20,9	22,2	24,8	28,3	28,5	28,8	29,2	29,7	30,1	30,4	30,7	31,4
Erkek	19,1	17,7	18,8	19,2	19,6	19,5	18,7	18,6	19,2	19,5	20,6	21,9	24,4	27,7	27,9	28,2	28,7	29,1	29,5	29,8	30,1	30,8
Kadın	23,4	22,4	21,7	21,3	21,3	21,1	20,0	19,4	19,8	20,3	21,2	22,6	25,3	28,8	29,0	29,3	29,8	30,3	30,6	31,0	31,3	32,0

Ülkeler

Not:Tabloların üst kısmında bulunan tuşu, ilgili sütuna göre sıralama yapmaktadır.

<table> <thead> <tr class="header"> <th><p>Ülkeler/Bölgeler</p></th> <th><p>CIA World Factbook 2014 est.<a href="#fn1" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref1" role="doc-noteref">¹</a></p></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="odd"> <td><p>Sıra</p></td> <td><p>Ortalama (Year)</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><strong><em>World</em></strong></p></td> <td><p><strong>0</strong></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>211</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>95</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>131</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>18</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>212</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>76</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>102</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>77</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>100</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>82</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>55</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>57</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>6</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>108</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>101</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>96</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>154</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>61</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>49</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>14</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>178</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>216</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>16</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>144</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>163</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>37</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>166</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>104</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>115</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>17</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>222</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>223</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>156</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>208</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>25</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>157</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>46</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>194</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>221</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>86</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>65</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>119</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>196</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>213</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>191</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>73</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>109</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>187</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>21</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>42</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>67</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><em></em> (<a href="Manş_Adaları" title="wikilink">Manş Adaları</a>, UK)</p></td> <td><p>15</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em> (<a href="Manş_Adaları" title="wikilink">Manş Adaları</a>, UK)</p></td> <td><p>47</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>69</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>34</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>26</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>168</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>90</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>133</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>141</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>149</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>147</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>195</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>198</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>29</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>218</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>58</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>126</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>12</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>35</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>105</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>204</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>188</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>59</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>2</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>185</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em> (UK)</p></td> <td><p>78</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>9</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>83</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>110</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>111</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>183</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>202</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>192</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>150</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>174</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>177</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>13</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>32</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>66</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>137</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>117</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>122</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>181</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>70</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>11</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>112</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>5</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>151</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>3</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>179</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>113</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>199</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>159</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>85</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>41</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>128</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>120</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>145</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>175</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>28</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>116</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>160</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>214</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>130</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>19</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>30</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>45</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>60</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>64</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>197</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>227</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>129</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>134</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>228</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>36</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>171</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>190</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>79</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>220</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>132</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>158</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>71</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>1</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>135</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>50</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>98</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>125</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>224</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>127</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>169</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>148</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>167</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>22</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>103</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>62</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>155</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>230</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>209</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>97</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>53</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>152</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>170</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>87</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><a href="Palestine" title="wikilink">Palestine</a>/<em><a href="Gazze_Şeridi" title="wikilink">Gazze Şeridi</a></em></p></td> <td><p>210</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><a href="Palestine" title="wikilink">Palestine</a>/<em><a href="West_Bank" title="wikilink">West Bank</a></em></p></td> <td><p>172</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>123</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>173</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>140</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>138</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>161</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>48</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>33</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>56</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>89</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>43</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>54</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>203</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>20</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>39</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>84</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>88</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>93</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>4</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>91</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>165</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>124</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>8</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>215</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>143</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>207</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>24</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>80</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>201</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>81</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>44</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>51</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>10</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>180</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>217</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>146</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>225</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>27</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>94</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>200</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>121</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>184</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>31</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>23</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>164</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>52</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>162</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>219</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>68</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>206</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>193</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>176</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>74</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>99</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>114</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>142</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>92</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>153</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>229</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>38</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>106</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>40</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>63</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>75</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>136</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>182</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>139</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>118</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>72</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>7</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><p><em></em></p></td> <td><p>107</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p>(<a href="Sahra_Demokratik_Arap_Cumhuriyeti" title="wikilink">SDAC</a>)</p></td> <td><p>186</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>205</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>226</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>189</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <section class="footnotes footnotes-end-of-document" role="doc-endnotes"> <hr /> <ol> <li id="fn1" role="doc-endnote"><a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2177.html">CIA The World Factbook/ Median Age 2014</a> . Retrieved 15/07/2015.<a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> </ol> </section>

Kaynakça

Orijinal kaynak: ortanca yaş. Creative Commons Atıf-BenzerPaylaşım Lisansı ile paylaşılmıştır.

Footnotes

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